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JN0-364試験の準備方法｜認定するJN0-364 PDF問題サンプル試験｜ハイパスレートのService Provider Routing and Switching, Specialist (JNCIS-SP)復習攻略問題

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Juniper Service Provider Routing and Switching, Specialist (JNCIS-SP) 認定 JN0-364 試験問題 (Q36-Q41):

質問 # 36
During OSPF neighbor establishment, which packet type is used to describe the contents of the link-state database?

A. Link-State Request (LSR)
B. Link-State PDU (LSP)
C. Hello packet
D. Database Description (DBD)

正解：D

解説：
In theOSPF (Open Shortest Path First)protocol, ensuring that all routers within an area have a synchronized Link-State Database (LSDB)is fundamental to building a consistent loop-free topology. During the adjacency formation process-specifically when transitioning from theExStartstate to theExchangestate- routers must determine what information they are missing from their neighbors without sending the entire database at once, which would be highly inefficient.
TheDatabase Description (DBD)packet, also known as a DDP, is the mechanism used for this summary exchange. According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, the DBD packet does not contain full Link-State Advertisements (LSAs). Instead, it contains only theLSA headers, which include the LSA type, the ID of the advertising router, and the sequence number.
By exchanging these headers, a Juniper router can compare the neighbor's database summary against its own local LSDB. If the router identifies a header in the DBD packet that represents a newer or missing entry, it records that LSA in its "Link-State Request List." This collaborative "handshake" ensures that only the necessary, updated information is requested in the subsequentLink-State Request (LSR)phase. It is important to distinguish this from theLink-State PDU (LSP)mentioned in Option D, which is actually the term used in the IS-IS protocol, not OSPF. In OSPF, the functional unit is the LSA, and the transport vehicle for the initial summary is the DBD packet. This methodical synchronization is what allows OSPF to scale effectively in large service provider environments.

質問 # 37
Exhibit:

You have configured an MPLS LSP to 192.168.100.3. However, the LSP is in the down state. Referring to the exhibit, which two actions would solve this problem? (Choose two.)

A. Issue the set protocols ospf traffic-engineering command and commit.
B. Issue the set interfaces lo0 family mpls command on router R1 and commit.
C. Issue the set protocols mpls label-switched-path to-r3 no-cspf command and commit.
D. Issue the set routing-options rib inet.3 static route 192.168.100.1 command and commit.

正解：A、C

解説：
In a Juniper Networks environment, establishing a functionalMultiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)Label- Switched Path (LSP) requires synchronized control plane operations. According to Juniper technical documentation, the most common reason for an LSP to remain in the "Down" state at the ingress router is a failure of theConstrained Shortest Path First (CSPF)algorithm during the path computation phase.
The provided exhibit for routerR1reveals a critical error in the show mpls lsp detail output: "CSPF: could not determine self". This specific error indicates that the CSPF process is unable to find its own local router ID within theTraffic Engineering Database (TED). For CSPF to build a valid TED, the underlying Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), such as OSPF, must be configured to flood opaque link-state advertisements (Type
10 LSAs) that carry traffic engineering attributes. As seen in the OSPF configuration, traffic engineering is not enabled. Therefore, issuing theset protocols ospf traffic-engineeringcommand (Option D) will allow R1 to populate the TED with its own local information and that of its neighbors, enabling CSPF to calculate a valid path.
Alternatively, an administrator can choose to bypass the requirement for a TED entirely by disabling CSPF on the specific LSP. By issuing theset protocols mpls label-switched-path to-r3 no-cspfcommand (Option B), the router will stop attempting to perform a constrained path calculation. Instead, the signaling protocol (RSVP) will rely on the standardinet.0routing table to determine the hop-by-hop path to the egress destination (192.168.100.3), allowing the LSP to establish without traffic engineering constraints.
Regarding the other options, whilefamily mplsis required on all transit interfaces, the ingress loopback interface (lo0) generally does not require it for standard LSP signaling unless it's used as a transit hop.
Furthermore, adding a static route toinet.3(Option A) is used for next-hop resolution of BGP routes over LSPs but does not assist in the signaling or establishment of the LSP itself.

質問 # 38
Exhibit:

Referring to the exhibit, R1 is advertising prefix 203.0.113.0/24 to R2 over EBGP. R2 is configured to advertise this prefix into IBGP. R3 receives the 203.0.113.0/24 route, however the route is hidden.
Which configuration statement do you need to add to R2 to solve this problem?

A. set policy-options policy-statement export-to-ibgp from route-filter 203.0.113.0/24 orlonger
B. set policy-options policy-statement export-to-ibgp then next-hop self
C. set protocols bgp group EBGP export export-to-ibgp
D. set policy-options policy-statement export-to-ibgp then local-preference 50

正解：B

解説：
In Juniper Networks Junos OS, a "hidden" route in the BGP table typically signifies that the router has received the prefix but cannot install it into the active routing table because theBGP next hop is unreachable
. This is a common occurrence in service provider environments when transitioning betweenExternal BGP (EBGP)andInternal BGP (IBGP).
According to Juniper technical documentation, when an EBGP speaker (R1) advertises a prefix to its peer (R2), it sets the next hop to its own interface IP address ($172.16.10.1$). By default, when R2 re-advertises that prefix to its IBGP peer (R3), itpreserves the original EBGP next-hop address. Unless R3 has a specific route in its Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) or a static route to reach the $172.16.10.1$ subnet, it will mark the route as unusable (hidden).
In the exhibit, the show route output onR3explicitly shows the nexthop for $203.0.113.0/24$ as
$172.16.10.1$. Since this route is marked "hidden," we can conclude R3 does not know how to reach R2's external peering link. To resolve this, the network administrator must modify the next-hop attribute before the route is sent to R3.
By adding the statementset policy-options policy-statement export-to-ibgp then next-hop self(Option B) on routerR2, R2 will replace the external next-hop ($172.16.10.1$) with its own internal peering address ($172.16.20.1$) before advertising the route to R3. Because R3 already has a direct or IGP connection to R2's internal address, it will successfully resolve the next hop, and the route will transition from "hidden" to
"active."
Option A is unnecessary because the route is already being exported; Option C is redundant as the policy is already applied to the IBGP group; and Option D changes path preference but does not solve the underlying reachability problem.

質問 # 39
Exhibit:
user@R2> show route 198.51.100.1
inet.0: 19 destinations, 19 routes (19 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
Restart Complete
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both
198.51.100.1/32 *[Static/5] 5d 21:02:26
> to 203.0.113.65 via ge-0/0/3.0
user@R2> show route 172.20.110.0/24
inet.0: 19 destinations, 19 routes (19 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)
Restart Complete
+ = Active Route, - = Last Active,
* = Both
172.20.110.0/24 *[Static/5] 10:43:01
> via gr-0/0/0.0
Referring to the exhibit, traffic destined to which network will be sent through the tunnel?

A. 198.51.100.1/32
B. 0.0.0.0/0
C. 172.20.110.0/24
D. 203.0.113.65

正解：C

解説：
To determine which traffic is being sent through a tunnel in a Junos OS environment, an administrator must analyze the routing table output for the exit interface associated with each destination prefix. The provided exhibit shows the results of the show route command on routerR2for two specific destination networks.
In the first output, the destination198.51.100.1/32is an active static route. The next-hop information specifies that traffic for this address is sent to the gateway 203.0.113.65 via the interfacege-0/0/3.0. According to Juniper Networks interface naming conventions, the prefixge-denotes aGigabit Ethernetinterface, which represents a standard physical connection. Therefore, this traffic does not traverse a tunnel.
In the second output, the destination172.20.110.0/24is also an active static route. However, the next-hop for this network is listed asvia gr-0/0/0.0. In the Junos operating system, thegr-prefix explicitly identifies a Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnel interface. GRE is a widely used protocol in service provider networks to encapsulate various network layer protocols over an IP backbone, effectively creating a virtual point-to-point link. Because the routing table has installed the route for 172.20.110.0/24 specifically via the gr- interface, all traffic destined for this network will be encapsulated and sent through the tunnel.
The other choices are incorrect for the following reasons:
* 203.0.113.65 (Option B):This is the next-hop IP address for the physical Gigabit Ethernet path; it is not a destination network directed to a tunnel.
* 0.0.0.0/0 (Option C):There is no information in the exhibit regarding a default route.
* 198.51.100.1/32 (Option D):As identified by thege-interface prefix in the exhibit, traffic for this destination is sent via a physical Ethernet link.

質問 # 40
You are monitoring OSPF on a router and notice frequent state changes between Full and Down. Which condition would cause this behavior?

A. physical interface flapping
B. route preference mismatch
C. MTU mismatch
D. area ID mismatch

正解：A

解説：
When troubleshooting OSPF in a service provider environment, distinguishing between "stuck" adjacencies and "flapping" adjacencies is the first step. A session that transitions frequently betweenFullandDown indicates that the relationship can be established successfully (meaning parameters match), but it cannot be maintained.
According to Juniper Networks documentation, the most common cause for a session to drop from Full to Down is the expiration of theDead Interval. If a router does not receive a Hello packet within the Dead Interval (usually 40 seconds), it tears down the adjacency. Aphysical interface flapping (Option A)is the primary trigger for this. If the physical link or the underlying transport (like a leased line or a microwave link) goes down even momentarily, the OSPF process immediately detects the interface failure, flushes the neighbors, and moves the state to Down. As soon as the interface comes back up, the routers perform the Hello exchange and reach the Full state again, creating the flapping cycle.
Analysis of other options:
* MTU Mismatch (Option D):This typically causes the adjacency to get "stuck" in theExchangeor ExStartstate. The routers can exchange small Hello packets, but when they try to send larger Database Description (DBD) packets that exceed the MTU, the packets are dropped, preventing the session from ever reaching "Full."
* Area ID Mismatch (Option C):This prevents the adjacency from even reaching theInitstate; the routers will never form a neighbor relationship.
* Route Preference (Option B):This affects which route is chosen for the forwarding table but has no impact on the OSPF neighbor state machine itself.

質問 # 41
......

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